Geothermal heat pumps
If you install a heating system that relies on the ground or
groundwater as a means to heat a home, the government pays out a big
credit. So long as the system meets Energy Star requirements,
homeowners can get reimbursed for 30% of their expenditures, up to
$2,000. Since geothermal pumps are capable of drawing 70% of their
energy directly from the ground, with the other 30% coming from the
electrical grid, they also significantly reduce heating costs.
Wind turbines
While some homeowners associations may not let you put small wind
turbines on your roof, those that do can help homeowners save
spending on energy and get large tax credits. Systems cost anywhere
between $5,000 and $25,000, depending how much energy a homeowner
wants to generate. Uncle Sam will reimburse you for 30% of the cost,
up to $4,000. Like solar power, turbines can lower energy costs to
zero, potentially.
Solar panels
Depending on your climate, solar energy can be harnessed to reduce
energy costs to zero, and in some cases allow a homeowner to sell
energy back to the grid. While a photovoltaic system isn’t cheap
(they can run more than $10,000), tax credits are offered for 30% of
costs up to $2,000.
Fuel cells
Fuel cells, which are popular in Japan, work a bit like batteries in
that they depend on chemical reactions to create energy. Often
powered by hydrogen, they're highly efficient, but they often cost
between $15,000 and $20,000. Residential fuel-cell systems qualify
for a 30% tax credit, up to $1,000 per kilowatt of power that can be
produced.
Biomass stoves
These are exactly what they sound like: stoves that burn
bio-materials as opposed to fossil fuels. By purchasing a stove that
can run on corn or sawdust, for example, homeowners get a product
that's 10% more energy efficient, and also qualifies for a $300 tax
credit.
Trees
It sounds simple, but planting trees can reduce your energy costs up
to 40% in warm climates by blocking sunlight and reducing the need
for air conditioning. If you live in North America, the east and
west sides of your home are exposed to the greatest amount of heat
in summer months. Some hotter areas, such as Sacramento, Calif.,
give out free trees to reduce the strain on the grid during summer
months.
Home energy assessment
These inventories determine which parts of your home are wasting the
most energy. Most local utilities offer free energy inventories, but
for $250 to $300 many companies offer a more detailed assessment
using thermal imaging. This won't get you a rebate from the
government, but it will give you a punch list of easy places to
improve appliances and sealing, which will save on energy costs in
the long run.
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Roofs
Toppers should be built with a vapor barrier for the attic, a
ridged vent that lets a little air in and out. This keeps
moisture from being trapped, reducing the chances of mold and
keeping insulation most effective. A 10% credit up to $500 is
available for roof improvements using metal Energy
Star-certified roofing materials.